The Earth's geosphere is made up of iron, oxygen, magnesium, and silicon. All of these elements are chalcogens, or chemical elements.
Answer:
Explanation:
There are two dominant theories:
The inside-out model proposes that the Earth formed with trace amounts of water structurally bonded to the minerals in the mantle. This water makes its way to the Earth’s surface through volcanic processes.
The outside-in model proposes that the Earth formed without water, which came with other volatiles from the meteorites or comets that bombarded the young planet. This water was probably mixed into the upper layers of the Earth and was later brought to the surface through volcanism.
<span>biogeochemical cycles</span>
The correct answer is letter B. Horizontal water movements. Upwelling is a phenomenon that involves the dense's motion because of the wind. It is cooler and makes the water rich in nutrients towards the ocean surface. The warmer air is replaced and nutrient-depleted surface water are also replaced. This makes increase in plankton population and increase in nutrients at the ocean surface. The movement of the water is vertically up.
