Question

Anatoly has been playing chess since early childhood, and is described as an expert player. His cousin Viktor has only recently begun to play the game, and describes himself as a novice. We would expect Anatoly to outperform Viktor on tests of his memory for ?

Answer 1

We would expect Anatoly to outperform Viktor on tests of his memory for his cognitive skills.  

Explanation:

As it is given that Anatoly has been playing chess since childhood, it is pretty obvious that his cognitive processes would be faster than a starter like Viktor. The cognitive processes include attention, perception, memory, language, learning, and higher reasoning and they occur simultaneously.

It is due to these cognitive processes that we are able to learn anf perform new things. The enhancement of a particular skill can hence be done by improving the  cognitive skills. Thus, an individual can be judged on the same basis.