The central idea of the paragraph from "The Code Book" is expressed by "Breaking the RSA code is the greatest challenge for cryptanalysts."
The meaning of the cryptanalysts is that someone who break the codes.
Despite the enormous strength of RSA and other modern ciphers, cryptanalysts are still able to play a valuable role in intelligence gathering. Their success is evidenced by the fact that cryptanalysts are in greater demand than ever before—the NSA is still the largest employer of mathematicians in the world.
Hence, the correct answer is "Breaking the RSA code is the greatest challenge for cryptanalysts."
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