It was important that civil service positions were not hereditary so that officials would be well-qualified. The fear was that if these positions were hereditary or inherited by a parent then officials would not really qualify for the position they inherited. There would be no requirements to serve except that their parent was previously an official. By not allowing this officials would be required to qualify on their merits and not based on who they were related too. Thus better and more qualified officials would exist. The answer is A) so officials would be well-qualified.
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Water is a polar molecule and also acts as a polar solvent. When a chemical species is said to be "polar," this means that the positive and negative electrical charges are unevenly distributed. The positive charge comes from the atomic nucleus, while the electrons supply the negative charge.
I want to say d.
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