The Congress of Vienna deprived France of its recent acquisitions and added land to other countries, such as Austria, who gained Venice, with the purpose of establishing strong powers in Europe which would counterbalance each other and thus keep peace.
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Americans believed all people (i.e., white males) possessed the rights to life, liberty, and property. The best way to protect these rights was by limiting the power of government and allowing people to govern themselves.
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The war swept away the German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires and created a string of new states, arbitrary borders, and simmering disputes from the Baltic Sea to the Persian Gulf. The European victors – France, Italy, and Great Britain – were financially exhausted and politically spent.
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