Many times junk bonds are a high risk bond, but are also a high return. They are more popular during a bear market for this reason only. Sine they have a high return it compensates for the high risk. The junk bonds can also help a persons personal portfolio. Junk bonds also issues with a 10 year term or less. A bear market is when there is a steady drop or stagnation in the market over a period of time. 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
a.$348,000
Explanation:
Research & Development Cost=Materials and supplies+R&D Salaries+Consultant fees+purchase cost of equipment=38,000+120,000+50,000+140,000
=$348,000
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Part a
2021  = $7,000
2022  = $6,000
Part b
2021  = $5,250
Explanation:
Sum of the year`s digit method provide for higher depreciation in early life of the asset with lower depreciation in later years.
Step 1
<em>Some of digits calculation :</em>
Year      Digits
2021        7
2022       6
2023       5
2024       4
2025       3
2026       2
2027        1
Total      28
Step 2
<em>Determine the depreciable amount</em>
Depreciable amount = Cost - Residual value
                                    = $40,000 - $12,000
                                    = $28,000
Step 3
<em>Depreciation expense calculations</em>
2021 = 7 / 28 x $28,000 = $7,000
2022 = 6/ 28 x $28,000 = $6,000
assuming the equipment was purchased on March 31, 2021
2021 = $7,000 x 9/12 = $5,250
 
        
             
        
        
        
Some of the challenges of this company include lack of control over financial reporting in all branches, and inaccurate data to make decisions for next years.
DEF Ltd's main problem is the inaccuracy regarding the recognition of revenue and other inconsistencies in financial reporting. This problem includes:
- Inaccuracies related to revenue and deferred revenue.
- Lack of documentation of some transactions.
Moreover, these problems are intended to be solved through a review process and training seminars. These two ideas are useful for the problem; however, the company might face some challenges and problems such as:
- Lack of control in all branches: DEF Ltd seems to be a big company with multiple branches around the world. This makes it difficult for the company to control all financial records even if employees are educated about the process through seminars.
- Inaccurate data for next periods: Considering there are lots of inconsistencies and some of the reports are incomplete, it is likely even after the review process the company does not have complete information about the previous transactions or revenues. This can affect future projections and decisions.
Note: This question is incomplete; here is the missing part:
Using the disclosures above as a starting point, brainstorm about the challenges regarding internal controls and that a company may face in doing business internationally?
Learn more in: brainly.com/question/10916805
 
        
             
        
        
        
The answer to this question is "10, 000 years innovation". Hence, to complete the sentence we have it "Innovations in the field of agriculture have increased and keep increasing the food supply. This situation has allowed the human populations to grow approximately 10,000 years innovations by the end of the agriculture period".