The hiring and firing of the workers when presidential administrations changed in 19th century was known as spoils system. It began when president Jackson became the president in 1829. His supporters thought it necessary to reform the federal government. His opponent opponent considered it to be a corrupt be a corrupt method for political patronage. The opponents liked to call it spoils system. The phrase was first used by Senator William L. Marcy in his speech. President Hayes wanted to reform the civil service appointments which were based on spoils system and tried to change it with merit system.
A rise in society's population that is concentrated primarily in major cities is known as Urbanization.
Urbanization may occur both from the population shift from rural to urban residency as well as by population growth within the cities and can be understood as the the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas as opposed to rural areas.
2. Many slave codes prohibited enslaved people from learning to read and write
