Rights of the individual versus safety of the state.
Each case tested whether or not the President can strip away an individual's rights during war in the name of safety. Lincoln wanted the right to arrest those supporting the Confederacy and posing a threat to the unity of the North. FDR interned the Japanese to protect the US from internal spies.
The Tigris provided fresh water in order to grow crops they created things called leeves that transport water to supply it. The eurphrates did the exact same thing they provided water for the crops. Hope this answered your question.
1776 was the year that America wrote the Declaration of Independence, declaring themselves an independent nation from Britain.