Question

The Transcontinental Railroads that opened up the West had a devastating effect on

Answer 1

Although the Transcontinental railroad transformed American transport, had also a devastating effect on Native Americans and also Chinese workers who were killed as a result of explosions, snow slides and other accidents.

But especially on Native Americans due they gave away the rights to their land to the federal government in deceptive treaties they didn't imagined would destroy their traditional hunting grounds and revered domains by such a massive and disruptive system.

Answer 2

Native Americans.
Buffalo.