Timbuktu was a place where ideas were shared and quickly became a center for learning.
The principle of check and balances grants the president the authority to appoint federal judges.
Check and balances, principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power. Check and balances are primarily applied in constitutional government and are fundamentally important in tripartite governments like the United States of America. The separate branches of the United States are executive, legislative, and judicial.
Cooperation
A bit more info: Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1967 to 1979. The era was a time of increased trade and cooperation with the Soviet Union and the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) treaties
They both wanted to take over the world.
There was massive resistance by the states to the order to desegregate the schools in accordance with the Brown decision. Some states simply closed down all public schools instead of desegregating them.