I think its "laws", since "<span>No method of legislating"</span>
Answer:
The ulama advised the caliph. Caliph was the religious and political leader of all Muslims till the 9th century.
Explanation:
Middle Ages is the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization to the period of the Renaissance that is from 5th century to the beginning of 13th, 14th or 15th century according to the various regions of Europe.
Religion and government were very much connected in the Muslim states. The ulama advised the caliph. Caliph was the religious and political leader of all Muslims till the 9th century.
The ulama were important religious scholars and experts in Sharia law and
Caliph was the leader of the umma.
