Answer:
Humoral immunity involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood.</u>
Explanation:
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity which is mediated by several macromolecules presnet in the extracellular fluids such as antibodies, certain antimicrobial peptides, and complement proteins.
Humoral immunity allows to distinguishes two groups of foreign substances. it involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood. </u>
Humoral immunity begins when an antigens bind to B cells. Interleukins or helper T cells provides a secondary signal to the B cells that activates a B cell and allows B cell proliferation. which roduces produce plasma cells. The plasma cell then produces antibodies which are identical to the specific antigen. The antibodies are the released and circulate through the body, binding to antigens. B cells the further produces memory cellss for future immunity.
So, Humoral immunity involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood.</u>
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts, which are specialized structures found in plant cells. Through this series of reactions, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen.
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Transpiration occurs on plants. So the answer is D. Leaves
Microfilaments
Microfilaments are fine, thread-like protein fibers, 3-6 nm in diameter. They are composed predominantly of a contractile protein called actin, which is the most abundant cellular protein. Microfilaments' association with the protein myosin is responsible for muscle contraction. Microfilaments can also carry out cellular movements including gliding, contraction, and cytokinesis.
Microtubules
Microtubules are cylindrical tubes, 20-25 nm in diameter. They are composed of subunits of the protein tubulin--these subunits are termed alpha and beta. Microtubules act as a scaffold to determine cell shape, and provide a set of "tracks" for cell organelles and vesicles to move on. Microtubules also form the spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis. When arranged in geometric patterns inside flagella and cilia, they are used for locomotion.
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Answer:
The human gene for your muscle protein is different from monkey muscle protein in 4 places and different from a chicken's gene in 25 places.
This is molecular biology, and this shows a little bit about evolution because it shows human, monkey and chickens share a common ancestor.
Explanation:
The example shows some features about biology. Molecular biology is focused on all the components and elements of molecular cells. In this case, analysing muscle protein and genes is considering this type biology.
DNA is the origin of every living cell on earth and is unique for every species. The analysis of protein's DNA is a determination of how distant or close species are.
There are many other ways to relate evolution to the different animals, species or cells. You can use fossil record, anatomy, reproductive isolation, embriology, among many others.
