Answer:
Direct Speech
He said," the moon revolves around the earth"
Indirect Speech
He said that the moon revolves around the earth.
Answer:
A Clean Environment Is Essential for Healthy Living: The more you don't care about our environment, the more it will become polluted with contaminants and toxins that have a harmful impact on our health. Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases and cancer, among other problems and diseases.
This sentence would probably be a citation in APA style. Citations on research papers are very important since they give due credit to the original owner of the statement. Statements that don't have citations tells the readers that those statements are of the researcher/s alone which would be a problem for them if found out that it wasn't theirs to begin with. This would result to a work of plagiarism which is a grave sin in constructing research papers and is more equated with the act of stealing.