The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire), which ended participation of Russia in the world War I. The treaty was signed in Brest-Litovsk after two months of negotiations and was forced to the Bolshevik government by the threat of more advances by the German and Austrian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia failed to fulfill all the commitments of Imperial Russia with the alliance of the Triple Entente.
It is well known that World War I began in July 1914 with the confrontation of two main European imperialist nuclei: on the one hand, the Germanic, with Germany and Austria-Hungary, and on the other, the Slav, with Russia and Serbia. The allies on each side were soon in combat. One of the German strategies used against Russia in the war was to patronize the Communist Bolshevik revolution, which took place in October 1917, so that the Tsar Nicholas II's empire would wear out inwardly, which proved quite effective.
Russia's departure from the war was one of the main prerogatives of the Bolsheviks, who repudiated the nationalist and imperialist war and planned another kind of revolutionary and global war that would, in theory, assault Europe after the First World War, since all the powers involved would be as weak as Russia. However, at the beginning of 1918, to seal a peace agreement with the central powers would enable the Bolsheviks to recover the economy and reshape the army.
While many still debate the causes of the Civil War, author James McPherson said that, "The Civil War started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in the territories that had not yet become states. When Abraham Lincoln won the election in 1860 as the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories, seven slave states in the deep South seceded and formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America. The incoming Lincoln administration and most of the Northern people refused to recognize the legitimacy of secession. They feared that it would discredit democracy and create a fatal precedent that would eventually fragment the no-longer United States into several small, squabbling countries."
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<span>Influenza, smallpox, measles, and typhus fever</span>
