1.) Jean Jacques Rousseau
2.) people
3.) powerful
The Soviet Union was led by Dictator Stalin through the years 1929-1953
The type of society which didn't have a centralized government was called a Pastoral society. So that is your correct answer.
All the other civilizations/societies - the Egyptian one, the Mycenaeans, and the Indus valley civilization - had governments which were centralized and not dispersed to different locations.