The roughly ten years before the Restoration was known as the Cromwell Interregnum. This period began when King Charles 1 was executed in 1649 and ended when his son, Charles II, took back the throne in 1660. During the Interregnum, England had a republican form of government, meaning that power was help not by a monarch but by the people (at least in theory). The government was composed of an executive branch, known as the Council of State, and a legislative branch, known first as the parliament and later as the National Assembly. There was no king or queen in power during this period.
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Bessie Coleman was born January 26th, 1892 in Atlanta TX and was the tenth of thirteen children to George and Susan Coleman. Her parents were sharecroppers and lived a very hard life. When Bessie was two, hoping for a better life, her father moved the family to Waxahachie TX, where he bought a little bit of land and built a house. Bessie started school there at the age of six, and had to walk 4 miles every day to her all black school. She excelled in her studies and had a knack for math.
mte1oda0otcxmjuymdi0odq11901 was a turning point for the family. George Coleman, who was half Cherokee, could no longer stand the racial barriers one had to endure in Waxahachie and left for Oklahoma (known as Indian Territory at that time). Unable to convince his family to join him, he left Susan behind to care for the children on her own. She quickly found work as a cook and housekeeper and Bessie assumed most of the responsibilities around the house. Bessie divided her time between school, housework, and church. That is, until the cotton harvest arrived. All hands were needed then, so the family worked together in the fields.
When Bessie was twelve, she was accepted into the Missionary Baptist Church. She completed all eight grades and was hungry for more. She scraped some money together and, in 1910, enrolled in the Colored Agricultural and Normal University in Langston Oklahoma. Sadly, she was only able to complete one term before running out of money. She had no choice but to return to Waxahachie and her previous life as a laundress. She remained there until 1915 when, at the age of 23, she saw another opportunity to escape and moved in with her brothers Walter and John
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China had become communist in 1949 and communists were in control of North Vietnam. The USA was afraid that communism would spread to South Vietnam and then the rest of Asia. It decided to send money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese Government.
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