I believe the correct answer is the second sentence: What
have been the effects on the state bans on driving and texting.
Open-ended questions are those which require putting more
though while answering, as opposed to the closed-ended questions which can be
answered by a simple "yes" or "no". In this case, the
second sentence requires a longer explanation on the effects of the state bans on
the driving and texting.
The poem "My Father's Song" uses verbs and descriptions that appeal to the sense of touch, suggesting the idea of getting close to an object and coming into contact with it. For example:
Now, people have to sneak across the border a lot more and are immigrating for a better life. But, 100 years ago, the regulations weren't as harsh and people were escaping their country for survival/