Answer:
The correct answer will be option B- cytosol.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a series of reactions which breaks down the glucose (6C molecule) to pyruvates (3C molecule).
The reaction is the first stage of the aerobic respiration which proceeds in ten steps. The reactions take place in the "cytoplasm of the cell" of all organisms from micro-organisms to plant and animals.
Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.
If its a dominant allele 75%
if its recessive allele 25%
thats what i was always taught i hope this helps some :)
Answer:
According to Dr. Ray Schiling (member of the American Academy of Anti-aging medicine) about 1.5 million people suffer from peanut allergies. The seeds of peanut (<em>Arachis hypogea</em>) contain an array of allergens that can induce the production of IgE specific antibodies predisposed individuals. Ara1 and Ara2 are most common seed storage protein that cause allergy. Other allergen proteins such as Ara3 to Ara 17 have also been identified that cause allergy.
Entry of peanut allergen into body
When peanut allergens enter the body of an individuals it leads to development of different symptoms like itchy skin, tingling sensation, nausea, runny nose and anaphylaxis.
Allergic response
There are two subsets of T-cells Th1 and Th2. Both invoke different response to allergens. Th1 direct a non-allergic response while Th2 direct allergic response ranging from releasing of histamine to anaphylactic response. The presence of IL-12 cytokines direct a Th1 based, nonspecific response.
Mechanism of allergic response (interaction between helper T cell and B cell)
Step 1.
When allergen enter to body they are encountered by B cells. Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B cells recognize antigen (Peanut allergens) and get attached, which are then internalized and processed. Within B cells the fragments of antigens combine with HLA class 2 proteins.
Step 2
HLA class 2 with antigen fragments (peanut allergens) then display on the surface of B cells.
Step 3
Receptors on the surface of helper T cells recognizes the complex of HLA class 2 and antigen fragments (peanut allergen) and is activated to produce cytokines, which activate the B cells.
Step 4
B cell is activated by cytokines and begins clonal expansion. Some of the progeny become anti-body producing plasma cells while other become memory B cells.
The correct answer is d. both excitation and inhibition.
There is a process which is called summation and it refers to the process that determines whether or not an action potential (on postsynaptic neuron) will be generated by the combined effects of excitatory and inhibitory signals (from the presynaptic neurons). Depending on the sum total of inputs, summation may or may not reach the threshold voltage to trigger an action potential (firing of postsynaptic potential).
