Diabetes can have wide-ranging effects on the body because proper glucose levels are required to keep the skin healthy, as well as the eyes and many other sensory organs.
54. Amphibians are cold-blooded animals, meaning they do not have a constant body temperature but instead take on the temperature of their environment. They have moist, scaleless skin that absorbs water and oxygen, but that also makes them vulnerable to dehydration (loss of bodily fluids).
55. The first and foremost characteristic of the reptiles is that are cold blooded. They are able to regulate their inner body temperature to the temperature of the environment. They have scaly skins but absence of hair or fur. The scales of the reptiles develop as a surface cells filled with Keratin.
56. Characteristics of Birds. Birds are endothermic and, because they fly, they require large amounts of energy, necessitating a high metabolic rate. As with mammals, which are also endothermic, birds have an insulating covering that keeps heat in the body: feathers.
57. Mammary Glands.
Undercoat and Guard Hair.
Jaw and Ear Bones.
Four-Chambered Heart and Diaphragm.
Complex Brain Functions.
Answer:
The neutrophil is the first line of defense, it is called as PMN OR POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHIL, this cell is said to be the first line of defense for the first to reach the area of infection or in the area of trauma, this upon reaching that area (where it is attracted by defense chemomodulators) it recognizes the bacteria or the foreign body as an antigen, since these do not present the cellular histocompatibility complex of our organism, by recognizing it as an antigen, this cell can detect that it is not something typical of our body but something new that was inoculated, is how this phagocyte to the bacteria and induces its own programmed cell death.
In an injury or infection, the purulent collection is not only debris and pathogenic microorganisms, but they are dead cell bodies of PMNs that induce their own cell death with the battery inside to be able to inhibit its advance in our body, when this phenomenon passes the PMN it is called a peach.
Explanation:
In the event that no antibodies are present, it would not change much if it is the first time that the bacteria enters our body since the formation of antibodies by the lymphocyte cell line occurs as the last stage of immunity (neutrophils appear first, then the antigen presenting cells and finally the lymphocyte lineage in charge of making immunological memory with antibodies).
The PMN are guided more than anything by the humoral factor of the immune response, but the proinflammatory factor like cytokines or leukins, but not by the antibodies, that is why he wrote this process of bacterial assimilation in the response.
The esophageal sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach.
<h3>What is the esophageal sphincter?</h3>
The esophageal sphincter is a sphincter that separates the esophagus from the stomach. The muscle attached thereto pushes the bolus down the stomach.
Hence, esophageal sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach. This sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus.
Learn more about the stomach: brainly.com/question/8836658
