It is known as collective bargaining.
The government system of the Soviet Union during Cold War was communism, which basically abolishes the right of an individual to own a private property. This means that the government has the sole control in all of its resources, thus a greater chance of accumulating and safe-keeping of wealth. Furthermore, during those times war among nations was already at a set off so there was a need to advance their artillery system and other equipment needed to armed themselves in case of attacks. Therefore, most of their resources went to defense spending.
This lead to the understanding among the Soviet Union's people that the current government system was already inefficient and is not viable to sustain the needs of their country. People then demanded a change.
Racial slurs are still a common part of communication in the United States
The "d. United Nations" would not be a good example of an NGO, since NGOs (non-governmental organizations) usually act independently and on a much smaller scale.
