Dynastic cycle (traditional Chinese: 朝代循環; simplified Chinese: 朝代循环; pinyin: Cháodài Xúnhuán) is an important political theory in the Chinese history. According to this theory, each dynasty in Chinese history, rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs.[1]
It sees a continuity in Chinese history from early times to the present by looking at the succession of empires or dynasties, implying that there is little basic development or change in social or economic structures.[2] John K. Fairbank expressed the doubts of many historians when he wrote that "the concept of the dynastic cycle... has been a major block to the understanding of the fundamental dynamics of Chinese history."[3]
Answer:
I can tell u one part of that question.
Explanation:
Total war, military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory, as distinguished from limited war.
Answer:
Noble class
Explanation:
Historically, in medieval Europe, the system that was in use was the feudal system and it had three distinct social classes which were:
- A king
- A noble class
- Peasant class
I would like to be part of the noble class which includes nobles, priests, and princes. The noble class rented out their lands to peasants and the King was the one who owned all lands but gave out lands to his nobles for their use.
Being a king would sound like a tempting proposition but personally, I do not think I am cut out for being a King and ruling over a kingdom, so being a noble is the next best thing because I'm just part of the ruling class who rules over the commoners. Moreso, the word 'nobility' in medieval Europe also included members of the society who were in leadership positions because of their wealth, political position or specialized training.
The state and local governments were responsible for funding welfare programs. New Federalism was focused on restoring the national government's power to the states.
