Stuxnet virus is a malicious computer worm which was discovered for the first time in 2010. Stuxnet is used to target SCADA [Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition] system. It was the one that is responsible for the serious damage to the Iran nuclear power.
People are needed on ground for the stuxnet virus to work because, the virus requires a physical implantation in order to work. Such people are usually expert in detecting the most vulnerable spots in a system.
When you start the PCR amplification reaction, you have a template which has sequences where the primers will anneal. The forward primer anneals in the sense strand and the reverse one in the complementary sequence (see attached figure).
After the first PCR cycle, two types of fragments are obtained. First those which come from tha 5'-3' sequence, that are 3'-5' and will anneal the reverse primer in the following cycle. This fragments have the correct 3' end, but the 5' includes part of the template that doesn't correspond to our target (see attached figure)
Second, those fragments that come from the 3'-5' sequence, that are 5'-3' and will anneal the forward primer. This fragments also have the correct 3' end, but the 5' includes part of the template that doesn't correspond to our target (see attached figure).
Now, during the second cycle, are produced the first fragments that have the precise length of the sequence that we want to amplify (see attached figure).
So, it's not until the third cycle that the reaction starts amplifying exactly the sequence of desired length.
Explanation:
The chlorophyll's donated electrons need to be replaced, and these electrons come from the splitting of water. In a process called photolysis ('light' and 'split'), light energy and catalyst s interact to drive the splitting of water molecules into protons (H+), electrons, and oxygen gas.
The hottest is the answer