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Jet001 [13]
3 years ago
13

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the a -subunit of the mitochondrial

enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a result of the mutation, affected individuals build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid. Which of the following best explains the buildup of lactic acid in individuals with the mutation?
a. Cells use lactic acid to shunt electrons from pyruvate to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.
b. Cells undergo glycolysis because there is a buildup of pyruvate in affected individuals.
c. Cells cannot transport pyruvate to the mitochondria in the absence of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, so the pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid and ethanol
d. Cells undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the Krebs cycle.
Biology
1 answer:
zlopas [31]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: The correct option is D ( Cells undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the Krebs cycle).

Explanation:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA which enters the Krebs cycle in glucose metabolism. The deficiency of Pyruvate dehydrogenase can be caused by genetic origin most commonly linked to a mutation in the a -subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a result of the mutation, affected individuals build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid.

The increase in the level of lactic acid occurs due to the Increased action of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. In the absence of Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme, the level of blood pyruvate increases. Excess pyruvate is then converted to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in a process called lactic fermentation. This results in a buildup of lactic acid in the blood leading to a condition called lactic acidosis .

Therefore, cells undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed into the Krebs cycle.

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Zepler [3.9K]

Answer: <em>D. Causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells</em>

Explanation:

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the <em>HEXA</em> gene. It is an autosomal recessive disease that causes the mutation on an enzyme, which metabolizes <em>GM2 Ganglioside</em> in nerve cells, this leads to a build-up of the molecule in brain cells. At the moment there is no cure for the disease, only support treatment is available.

5 0
3 years ago
Which of the items listed below are consider charateristics of living only? (Choose 3)
LenaWriter [7]
All living things have cellular organization
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Beadle and Tatum used which of the following organisms to support their one gene - one enzyme concept?
Rama09 [41]

Answer:

Neurospora.

Explanation:

Beadle and Tatum experiment shows one gene one enzyme hypothesis. According to this, a single enzyme is encoded by each gene. This idea is not accepted in today's world.

Beadle and Tatum performed experiment on the neurospora. They chosed neurospora in their experiment because neurospora shows the fast life cycle with alternation of generation. The genetic experiments can be easily performed on neurospora.

Thus, the correct answer is option (c).

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Why do some types of packaging need to be prepared before putting it in the bin?
zimovet [89]

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to prevent the spreading of germs

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5 0
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write a short paragraph explaining why biological diversity is important for the survival of a species.
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is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.

Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services that critically contribute to human well-being.

Biodiversity is important in human-managed as well as natural ecosystems.

Decisions humans make that influence biodiversity affect the well-being of themselves and others.

Biodiversity is the foundation of ecosystem services to which human well-being is intimately linked. No feature of Earth is more complex, dynamic, and varied than the layer of living organisms that occupy its surfaces and its seas, and no feature is experiencing more dramatic change at the hands of humans than this extraordinary, singularly unique feature of Earth. This layer of living organisms—the biosphere—through the collective metabolic activities of its innumerable plants, animals, and microbes physically and chemically unites the atmosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere into one environmental system within which millions of species, including humans, have thrived. Breathable air, potable water, fertile soils, productive lands, bountiful seas, the equitable climate of Earth’s recent history, and other ecosystem services (see Box 1.1 and Key Question 2) are manifestations of the workings of life. It follows that large-scale human influences over this biota have tremendous impacts on human well-being. It also follows that the nature of these impacts, good or bad, is within the power of humans to influence (CF2).


Defining Biodiversity


Biodiversity is defined as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.” The importance of this definition is that it draws attention to the many dimensions of biodiversity. It explicitly recognizes that every biota can be characterized by its taxonomic, ecological, and genetic diversity and that the way these dimensions of diversity vary over space and time is a key feature of biodiversity. Thus only a multidimensional assessment of biodiversity can provide insights into the relationship between changes in biodiversity and changes in ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services (CF2).


Biodiversity includes all ecosystems—managed or unmanaged. Sometimes biodiversity is presumed to be a relevant feature of only unmanaged ecosystems, such as wildlands, nature preserves, or national parks. This is incorrect. Managed systems—be they planta­tions, farms, croplands, aquaculture sites, rangelands, or even urban parks and urban ecosystems—have their own biodiversity. Given that cultivated systems alone now account for more than 24% of Earth’s terrestrial surface, it is critical that any decision concerning biodiversity or ecosystem services address the maintenance of biodi­versity in these largely anthropogenic systems (C26.1).


Measuring Biodiversity: Species Richness and Indicators


In spite of many tools and data sources, biodiversity remains difficult to quantify precisely. But precise answers are seldom needed to devise an effective understanding of where biodiversity is, how it is changing over space and time, the drivers responsible for such change, the consequences of such change for ecosystem services and human well-being, and the response options available. Ideally, to assess the conditions and trends of biodiversity either globally or sub-globally, it is necessary to measure the abundance of all organisms over space and time, using taxonomy (such as the number of species), functional traits (for example, the ecological type such as nitrogen-fixing plants like legumes versus non-nitrogen-fixing plants), and the interactions among species that affect their dynamics and function (predation, parasitism, compe­tition, and facilitation such as pollination, for instance, and how strongly such interactions affect ecosystems). Even more important would be to estimate turnover of biodiversity, not just point estimates in space or time. Currently, it is not possible to do this with much accuracy because the data are lacking. Even for the taxonomic component of biodiversity, where information is the best, considerable uncertainty remains about the true extent and changes in taxonomic diversity (C4).



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