The correct answer is A. Spain benefited from the Treaty of Tordesillas winning exploration and trading rights over half of the non-European world.
The treaty established a dividing line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. To the west of that line, Spain would have exclusivity of exploration and establishment of colonies, the same with respect to Portugal to the east of that dividing line.
As a result, Portugal guaranteed its rights over Brazil and the exploration of Africa; while Spain secured its supremacy in the exploration and colonization of the American continent, recently discovered (with the exception of Brazil).
It is said that America was founded by Columbus in 1492. But in fact, Muslim sailors reached America 314 years before Columbus did, in 1178.
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This is true
The kings of East Francia were not that strong because the main power came from the church. This meant that the smaller dukes would have enough power to oppose the king as long as they were on good terms with the Pope, which they were, which meant that they could do whatever they wanted and could rule their land however they wanted.
Thanks to the navigation and improvement of ships, the people of the Hellenistic world had the ability to trade with other countries, something that gave them a great maritime economy and new possibilities to expand their own cities, filling the resources and materials, to put an end to the Bronze Age and make the State Cities a common way of living for the people of ancient Greece. This development of commerce and navigation made it possible for cities such as Crete to have an accelerated hubanization, since they changed the agricultural way of life by a trade-based economy, and were influenced by other countries, in addition to the new riches that they they could get.
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