Epinephrine
Epinephrine is usually produced by the two kinds the adrenal
glands and certain neurons. It plays an
important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow and
also to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.
Actively transport molecules across the cell membrane
The environment includes abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors. An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions
<span>That statement is true
Abiotic factors (such as weather and environment) will determine which organism will be superior compared to another.
For example, Lion will be placed as the highest in the food chain if they're in Savanna environment. But, if we place that lion in the middle of the ocean, the lion will not has the superiority that it has on land.</span><span />
The subcellular structures of neuron that forms the basis for transmission of nerve impulses are the synaptic vesicles.
What are the steps in impulse transmission between neurons?
- The action potential or nerve impulse reaches the <u>axon</u> of neuron and depolarises the membrane.
- Voltage gated Calcium channels open .
- Arrival of action potential causes the synaptic vesicle to attach to presynaptic membrane.
- Calcium influx triggers release of neurotransmitter.
- This neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic membrane and new impulses are created.
Synaptic vesicle under resting condition:
- The neurotransmitter molecules are stored in synaptic vesicles.
- If the neurotransmitter leak from the vesicles, they are destroyed by enzymes.
- During resting condition, they are placed randomly.
- When an impulse reaches the axon, vesicles are arranged in the presynaptic membrane.
Thus from the above we can conclude that, synaptic vesicles are the subcellular structures in transmission of nerve impulses and , under resting condition they are placed randomly.
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