Question

Philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both believed that people

Answer 1

Both believed that people are the ones who form a government, giving government the right to rule according to a "social contract."

Explanation:

• Thomas Hobbes published a famous work called Leviathan in 1651.  The title "Leviathan" comes from a biblical word for a great and mighty beast. Hobbes believed government is formed by people for the sake of their personal security and stability in society.  In Hobbes view, once the people put a king (or other leader in power), then that leader needs to have supreme power (like a great and mighty beast).    Hobbes' view of the natural state of human beings without a government held that people are too divided and too volatile as individuals -- everyone looking out for his own interests.  So for security and stability, authority and the power of the law needs to be in the hands of a powerful ruler like a king or queen.  And so people willingly enter a "social contract" in which they live under a government that provides stability and security for society.

• Today, Locke is most famous for his political theory.  John Locke published his Two Treatises on Civil Government in 1690, following the mostly peaceful transition of government power that was the Glorious Revolution in England.  Locke believed people are born as blank slates--with no preexisting knowledge or moral leanings. Experience then guides them to the knowledge and the best form of life, which includes choosing to form governments to make life and society better.  This was his application of the "social contract" theory.

Answer 2

They both beloved in a social contract, in which people give up individual freedom to live in an organized society