Answer:
<u>Quality of life is a hidden variable because it cannot be measured directly but must be inferred from measurable variables such as wealth, success, and environment.
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Explanation:
<u>Hidden variable:</u> The term "hidden variable" is described as the proposition that specific "statistical models" of any physical systems, for example, Quantum mechanics are being incomplete inherently, and along with this the apparent randomness of a particular system is being dependent not on "collapsing functions" but instead it is due to any unmeasurable or unseen or hidden variables.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
A good has positive externality if the benefits to third parties not involved in production is greater than the cost. an example of an activity that generates positive externality is research and development. Due to the high cost of R & D, they are usually under-produced. Government can encourage the production of activities that generate positive externality by granting subsidies.
A good has negative externality if the costs to third parties not involved in production is greater than the benefits. an example of an activity that generates negative externality is pollution. Pollution can be generated at little or no cost, so they are usually overproduced. Government can discourage the production of activities that generate negative externality by taxation. Taxation increases the cost of production and therefore discourages overproduction. Tax levied on externality is known as Pigouvian tax.
Government can regulate the amount of externality produced by placing an upper limit on the amount of negative externality permissible
Coase theorem has been proposed as a solution to externality. According to this theory, when there are conflicting property rights, bargaining between parties involved can lead to an efficient outcome only if the bargaining cost is low
Another solution to negative externality is through the activities of charities. Charities can raise donations to limit or regulate the activities of firms that constitutes a negative externality.
B. Because the government can't and shouldn't control the prices of items or which items and services are sold, they should lay down the ground rules of trading, buying, and selling, so that they Can prevent monopolies and collusion.
<span>One of your goals you have set for your company is to expand our product line the statement is not clear and it's not measurable. The product line is the concentration of the same products which are categorized from the same brand. </span>
A sociologist might say that this is an example of how economic action is <u>embedded in</u> social relationships.
<u>Explanation:</u>
