Development of the middle class, i hope that helped
Depends on the country, for example the UK Prime Minister is elected by the public.
Hope this helps.
As the Cold War heated up in the 1950s, the United States made decisions on foreign policy with the goal of containing communism. To maintain its hegemony in the Western Hemisphere, the U.S. intervened in Guatemala in 1954 and removed its elected president, Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, on the premise that he was soft on communism.
The answer is: The sea
Back then, the techology that exist to travel by sea was not as developed as it is today. If an empire decided to travel through the sea in order to do some conquests, that empire will risk several things, such as:
- Loss in directions
- The ships could be swallowed by harsh wheather in the middle of the sea
- It need a lot of resources to maintain the armies during the travel
