Answer:
Debt Assumption
Explanation:
Debt Assumption, or simply assumption, was a US financial policy executed under the Funding Act of 1790. The Washington administration pursued the policy, under Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton's leadership, to assume the outstanding debt of states that had not yet repaid their American Revolutionary War bonds and scrip.
I believe it is shifting cultivation
Answer:
b) The image was probably included in the manuscript to glorify Mongol rule, to boost the legitimacy of the Ilkhanid Mongol court in the eyes of the Persian Muslim elites.
Explanation:
Those 2 countries are France and England
