Stars begin to form from clouds of gas in space. The cold temperatures and high densities (compared to elsewhere in space, but would be considered a vacuum on Earth) of these clouds allow gravity to overcome thermal pressure and start the gravitational collapse that will form a star.
It is true but commonly called Richter meter
For the pheasant question, it would be the top right graph as this shows an increase, then a further increase in the population of pheasants.
For the population of the world graph, it shows positive exponential growth as it is a large amount of growth within a small time period
A is the answer. You would need soil with different amounts- including no amount- to determine how the fertilizer affects the plants
Since you are measuring the height a ruler would be a good idea as well.