<em>A. The attack on Jamestown colonists in 1622
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European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.
Well they of course fought back for their land but still lost,Also in the process they lost men and women during it so if you think about it they were heart broken and angry.
Answer:
Blacks constructed their own institutional life, by creating schools and churches. Blacks faced widespread discrimination and were unable to find work as craftsmen or store clerks.
Explanation:
