Answer:
b) preoperational
Explanation:
One of the famous psychologist Jean Piaget has proposed the theory of cognitive development in which he has mentioned four distinct stages.
Preoperational stage: This is the second stage in the theory of cognitive development and starts around the age of two years and lasts through the age of seven years. During this stage, a child learns to start talking, engage in symbolic play, as well as learn to manipulate different symbols.
In the question above, the statement signifies that children who were in the preoperational stage of development have incorrectly claimed about the given study because they haven't yet developed logic and reasoning as it occurs in the concrete operational stage.
PacifiCare Behavioral Health, found that an estimated 59 million people have received mental health treatment in the past two years, and that 80 percent of them have found it effective.
Primary deviance can be converted into secondary deviance
when the occasional users are to be labeled as ‘d o p e heads’, it is because a
primary deviance is the stage where deviant behavior is in the initial stage
whereas secondary deviance is where an individual is to be labeled as a
criminal.
If an occasional user who does not always commit to a
certain behavior and was labeled as a d o p e head of which is defined as doing
things that are lowest to the low, they are to be called as a criminal of which
falls at the secondary deviance.
I believe the answer is material goods.
Material goods refers to the type of goods that have a physical form.
Example: Land, House, Jewelries, Cars, Clothes, Modern hardwares, etc. In wealthy countries, people use these material goods to show case their status within the society.