The independent variable is what will change. The dependent variable is what will change because of the independent variable. The controlled variable is what will stay the same.
Ex, for the first one.
IV: the amount of sunlight
DV: plant growth
CV: pea plant
For #2.
IV: the soda
DV: the amount of sugar
CV: soda
And so on
For a 2 year old patient who was severely dyspneic and now unresponsive and no longer breathing, you will instruct your EMT to insert an OPA and begin give positive pressure ventilations with a BVM with 100% O2 to the patient. Palpate for a pulse and if <10 seconds you cannot feel a pulse, you will begin chest compressions.
The good thing about respiratory codes in children is that they normally always code due to lack of oxygenation. Once they are finally re-oxygenated, they will typically come around with better vitals.