When action potentials reach the end of the axon, they stimulate opening of Ca2+ channels, causing a release of neurotransmitters to the post-synaptic cell. How does and impulse propagate down the axon? The stimulus causes a start of the action potential and it moves down the axon without the ions moving down
Answer:
shown in the attachment
Explanation:
The detailed step by step and necessary mathematical application is as shown in the attachment.
The answer is E. Short and thick while cold.
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Answer:
q = 7.4 10⁻¹⁰ C
Explanation:
a) The magnetic force is given by the expression
F = q v x B
Where the blacks indicate vectors, q is the electric charge, v at particle velocity and B the magnitude of the magnetic field. If the velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the sine is 1
F = q v B
Let's calculate the charge
q = F / vB
q = 1.00 10⁻¹² / 30.0 B
For the magnetic field of the earth we have a value between 25μT and 65μT, an intermediate value would be 45 μT, let's use this value.
q = 1 10⁻¹² / (30 45 10⁻⁶)
q = 7.4 10⁻¹⁰ C
b) In laboratories and modern electronics, currents of up to 1 10⁻⁶ A can be achieved without much difficulty, in advanced and research laboratories currents of up to 1 10⁻¹² can be managed. Load values (coulomb) cannot they are widely used today for work, but 1 mA = 3.6C, so we see that getting loads with the value of 10⁻¹⁰ C implies very small current less than 1 10⁻¹³ A, which only in laboratories of Very specialized can be created. Consequently, from the above it would be difficult to find loads lower than the calculated
The electrostatic charge is the one created by the friction between two surfaces, it is an indicated charge, in this case it would be possible to have better wing loads found from 10⁻¹⁰C
