Comparing and contrasting European colonization on East Africa and Central and South Africa shows:
East Africa:
- Trade gave them access to new food crops, textiles and metal
- Slave trade was not as much as other parts of Africa.
South Africa:
- Slavery was rampant.
- Impoverishment of South and Central Africans and wealth to Europeans.
<h3>How was colonization in Southern Africa different from Eastern Africa?</h3>
The colonization in Southern Africa was overall negative as Africans were taken as slaves and treated as inferior to Europeans who took most of the wealth. This was especially the case in Angola, Mozambique, and South Africa.
The East Africans were however not subjugated to much slavery and the trade in textiles and metal brought some prosperity.
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The Americans were able to win the war for independence for a number of reasons. First, the British found it difficult to destroy the American armies in the field and simultaneously occupy American cities. Second, they grossly overestimated the extent of loyalist support (or at least loyalist military support), particularly in the South. Third, the war was deeply unpopular at home from the outside, and the Americans always had sympathizers in Parliament who placed significant pressure on a series of ministers to win the war. Fourth, British generals, through incompetence, indecisiveness, and lack of strategic vision, often failed to press their advantages, most notably in the New York campaign of 1776, when Washington's entire army was there for the taking. Fifth, Washington's leadership should not be downplayed. As commander of the Continental Army, he managed to hold the force together, keeping it viable and battle-ready as he led the British through what he called a "war of posts." Basically, although he made many mistakes and never really won a major decisive victory, Washington avoided defeat, making the conflict far longer, messier, and more expensive than the British were willing to bear. Finally, French aid, including French military assistance, proved decisive after 1778, and it is very unlikely the Americans would have been able to achieve independence outright without it.
The absolute monarchy which before had brought so many benefits to the development of commerce and the French bourgeoisie was now an obstacle. Mercantilism laws kept goods from being sold freely. Officers prevented the development of faster manufacturing processes. In short, absolute monarchy was an obstacle, preventing the modernization of France. This obstacle needed to be removed, and defenses of this political system were perceived negatively by the rest of the population seeking a revolution, and many times they were seen as personal and political enemies during a war. Which justifies the executing of French supporters of the Austrian and Prussian monarchies.
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