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1. This form of imperial rule involved claiming exclusive trading rights in certain areas. Trading rights must be granted under the threat of military force. In the 19th century, this type of imperial rule was used by countries such as Great Britain, France, Portugal, Russia, and Japan in China.
2. Local rulers such as kings or sultans were used to govern the colonies in order to lessen the possibility of a revolt. Great Britain practiced this type of imperialism.
3. A form of imperial rule in which local rulers were left in place, however, they were expected to follow the advice of imperial advisers on issues such as trade and missionary activity. In this form of imperial rule, the countries are still independent, however, they are under the protection of an imperial country.
4. Officials and soldiers from the imperial country were sent to control the colony. This type of imperial rule was practiced by the French.
According to the Constitution, the Russian Federation is divided into 85 federal subjects (constituent units), 22 of which are "republics". Most of the republics represent areas of non-Russian ethnicity, although there are several republics with Russian majority. The indigenous ethnic group of a republic that gives it its name is referred to as the "titular nationality". Due to decades (in some cases centuries) of internal migration inside Russia, each nationality is not necessarily a majority of a republic's population.
The weather affected the building of the Panama Canal quite negatively because the hot, humid weather made the work exhausting. The workers had to take long pauses until it was suitable for them to work again, because it was scorching hot in Panama so that no work could be done. This greatly slowed the process of building the Panama Canal because the workers didn't have the required conditions under which to work properly.
