During the Hellenistic Age, Archimedes made advancements in "mathematics"--specifically in the realm of geometry, since he developed innovative ways to calculate volume, area, etc.
It means exploiting the resources of the conquered country for the benefit of the conqueror. Imperialism means creating an empire, expanding into the neighbouring regions and expanding its dominance far. Colonialism is termed as building and maintaining colonies in one territory by people from another territory.
