Answer:
1. The latest period of the Stone Age between 8000-5000 B.C - Neolithic.
The neolithic corresponds to the era when agriculture started. Agriculture might have started even earlier than the time period mentioned here, in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq).
2. A type of government ruled by members of noble or wealthy families - Aristocratic.
Aristocracy comes from the Greek a<em>ristos '</em>excelent', and <em>kratos </em>'rule'. Aristocracy means then, "rule of the excelent". The government structure is small, and only the smart and priviliged are supposed to rule. Plato supported aristocracy in his work "The Republic".
3. An economic system where colonies supply goods to the mother country - Mercantilism.
Mercantilism is an economic policy that aims at achieving positive trade balances. It dominated Europe from the 16th to 18th century, when European countries began to colonize regions in the Americas, Africa and Asia. The colonies could not trade among themselves, only with the mother country, for example, the American Colonies could only trade with Britain.
4. The act of staying in one place for a long time - Sedentary.
Societies became sedentary shortly after domesticating some vegetable and animal species, in other words, agriculture and anima husbandry. The excess production of food allowed civilization, the division of labor, and the development of cities.
5. Practice of attempting to foretell the future - Divination
Divination comes from the Latin <em>divinare</em> 'to foresee'. A Divination consists in foretelling the future thanks to divine inspiration.
