Review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
(in the UK) a procedure by which a court can review an administrative action by a public body and (in England) secure a declaration, order, or award.
It was the turning point of the war. It suggested that the United States might just win the War
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options provided, we can say the following.
John Marshall's approach was different from the role envisioned for the court by the writers of the Constitution in that Marshall believed the United States Constitution granted strong federal powers; Jefferson did not.
John Marshall was a federalist. Thomas Jefferson was not. He was an anti-federalist. Then, Marshall considered the idea of a strong central government. On the other side, Jefferson thought that a strong government was not the better option for a new nation, and even worse, a strong federal government could turn into a tyranny.
If I remember correctly the opium wars resulted in china being figuratively split up by european powers. So, I'd go with 4.
