Overall, Thoreau wanted to prove that not everyone will easily flow with the rules of society. As a result, he calls the people who go different paths than the ones of society "different drummers."
In conclusion, your final answer should be A.
B, contributes to the lines dramatic effect.
I phoned him because he was not home.
The second part of the sentence is now dependent on the first as it cannot stand alone as its own sentence.
Effect, principal, stationery, practice, advice, new
Hope this helps!