Forest near the equator have tall tress with largecanopies of levels. Forest at mid latitudes have deciduous trees with leaves that are shed in one season of the year.Forest northern latitudes are coniferous.They have needles instead of leaves. The needles are not shed
The annual temperature range in Vancouver with that at most other locations at a similar latitude have similarities as well as differences.
It is similar due to the presence of same latitude from the sea level means they are presence near the water body but at the same time it has differences due to the presence of different environmental conditions as compared to other regions.
The seasonal migration of pressure and wind systems is responsible for the precipitation in a region so if change occurs in both these factors, it will reduced summer precipitation at Vancouver.
The humid continental climate type rare in the Southern Hemisphere because of the larger ocean area at that latitude and greater maritime moderation. Continental climates are not found in the Southern Hemisphere because of the absence of a continent large enough to generate this effect.
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With the water underneath and no wind or ice underneath(unless the water freezes) the water would rub against the dirt, rock, and limestone, eroding and burning away, only to be left with a cave of limestone.