The correct answer should be A. naturalism.
Naturalism is a literary movement which comes from realism, meaning that it is trying to convey realistic images, without the use of poetic language and escapism. Endless melody and grand opera aren't literary movements, and romanticism is quite opposite of naturalism - it emphasizes poetic language and escapism rather than realism.
The style of art Wassily Kandinsky pioneered is A. Abstract
<span>Both artists used chiaroscuro, or contrast between light and dark.
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