The need for affiliation corresponds to the belongingness level of needs in abrahm maslow's hierarchy of needs. Belongingness is the third level of needs in abrahm maslow's hierarchy of needs. The third level represents the social need for affiliation, also known as love and belonging.
C.... Independently rules, so not a kingdom (many cities), not a civilization (multiple cities), and not empire for the same reason.
The communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and by Friedrich Engels- Engels is the person you were looking for!
There is some discussion about the role of both authors in writing it, and some people suggest that Karl Marx did most of the work, with Engels having a smaller role.
<u>Abstinence violation effect </u>is a feeling of loss of control that results when a person has violated self-imposed rules.
<u>Explanation</u>:
An individual experiences the abstinence violation effect (AVE), when he/she made a personal commitment to abstain from using specific substance or to cease engaging in some other unwanted behavior.
AVE is how we respond when we don’t follow our goals. The individual feels guilt and shame after doing some unwanted activities due to abstinence violation effect. This kind of guilt and depression take them into a spiral that may lead to relapse. Researchers take effort to prevent from relapse.
