Nicolás Machiavelli was a diplomat, civil servant, political philosopher and Italian writer, considered father of modern Political Science. He was also a relevant figure of the Italian Renaissance. His thinking translates the philosophical tradition of ancient political thought in which political practice is overshadowed by the idealization of governments and utopian cities.
Machiavelli states that the actual exercise of politics involves real situations with real men and peoples, whose behavior, decisions and actions, usually do not necessarily respond to morality but to the laws of power
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Gettysburg Address: On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War. Though he was not the featured orator that day, Lincoln’s brief address would be remembered as one of the most important speeches in American history. In it, he invoked the principles of human equality contained in the Declaration of Independence and connected the sacrifices of the Civil War with the desire for “a new birth of freedom,” as well as the all-important preservation of the Union created in 1776 and its ideal of self-government.
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
The reason why people take an oath to support the Constitution instead of the country or the President is because the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, have has power even over the present himself. It is not required that every American take this oath--it is a personal choice. <span />
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New England's English settlers
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A). had superior weapons and other military technology
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The oversea colonies were usually in isolation and western ideas and technology were not familiar to any native people, making them easy to overpower.