Answer: C. Ionic
Explanation: The transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another means that certain atoms are "amplified" by negative charge, since the electrons are negative, while the other atoms from which the electrons leave become positive. This means that such atoms become negative and positive ions, causing each other to attract opposite charged ions, creating an ionic bond.
Japan is a small isle chain with millions of people due to the fact it is mainly arable (It allows for agriculture), but the fact is the increase technology brings up the population of Japan. Japan is also still influx of population by World war 2, as they had MILLIONS upon MILLIONS die on different isles, lands, etc. They also had a major emigration after WWII.