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Adams created previosuly non-existing judicial vacancies and achieved the appointment of federalist supporters as judges. Voting in the Senate on their candidacy and registration of judicial patents lasted until midnight on the last day of Adams' tenure, hence the name "midnight judges."
The Jefferson administration has tried to cancel midnight appointments. However, one of the appointed but not patented judjes, William Marbury, appealed to the US Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the government did not have the right to refuse Marbury’s office, but at the same time recognized the Act on the Court as unconstitutional.
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Answer:
The slave population QUADRUPLED because the demand for cotton laborers increased tremendously. Many slaves were smuggled down south. ... Only one-fourth of white people in the South had slaves or were part of a family that owned slaves.
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Rufus Putnam, was the first settler who went into the Ohio Valley <span>September 29, </span>1789.
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A New York State law required public schools to open each day with the Pledge of Allegiance and a nondenominational prayer in which the students recognized their dependence upon God. The law allowed students to absent themselves from this activity if they found it objectionable. A parent sued on behalf of his child, arguing that the law violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, as made applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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