Answer:
Hemophilia is a x-linked recessive inherited bleeding disorder. in this disease blood does not clot properly due to the decreased level of blood clotting factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9).
In x-linked recessive condition, the disease is transmitted from father (affected male) to his daughter and mother (affected female) to her son and skip of generation getting affected is also occurs.
- there will be 50% chance of her (S.R.) each son to be affected with hemophilia.
Explanation:
Hemophilia is caused due to mutation of one gene which is responsible for the making of proteins of blood coagulation factor viii or ix. the affected person bleeds continuously from any injury and that can cause serious issues.
here,
grandfather of s.r is affected (xₐy) and grandmother is normal (xx) will produce
↓
s.r's mother who is a carrier (xₐx) [as xₐy and xx will produce 100% carrier xₐx daughter]
↓
s.r's mother is a carrier (xₐx) but her father is normal (xy) will produce,
↓
s.r who has 50% chance of being carrier (xₐx) and 50% chance of being normal (xx) [as she is the only child] and she has a normal (xy) partner, they will give,
↓
- if s.r is a carrier (xₐx) then one of her son will be affected (xₐy) [as xₐx and xy =xₐy]
- if s.r is normal (xx) then her son will be normal (xy) [as xx and xy will give xy]
here,<u> 50% chance of her son to be affected with hemophilia</u> [as S.R of being affected is more considerable].
A signal cascade is a series of chemical reactions which are triggered by a stimulus acting on a receptor that is then transduced to the intracellular space through second messengers. Finally, effector molecules receive the signal causing a cellular reaction to the initial stimulus. A signal cascade is very useful because it facilitates and accelerates the communication between cells that could be in different parts of a living organism. This communication is vital for cell processes in complex multicellular organisms.
Answer:
Soil condition directly affects crop growth.
Explanation:
Soil condition affects the crop growth directly. If a soil is in fertile condition then the growth of crop which is growing in such soil will be good but if the soil is infertile then the crop will not grow to its fullest. A fertile soil is the one which has optimum condition for growth of a crop like suitable pH, moisture retention capacity, good amount of nutrients & minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium etc. If a soil is rich in all these constituents then the crop which is growing in this soil will be healthy. But, if a soil is infertile then the crop which is growing on that soil will be under stress and will not be able to grow completely.
Answer:
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, a double layer of lipids that separates the cell interior from the outside environment.
Explanation:
