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According to <span>Richard Dawkins, culture is a population of memes which are just "copy me" programs.
Just as genes reproducing themselves, memes are actions, behaviors, units of culture that are replicated through language or observation.
This way of describing culture has some important ramifications:
first, culture is not a way of thinking that a certain population share, but in opposition is something we have in common with people with our same culture;
second, where an individual experiment some degree of conflict between the cultural norms and its belief, this conflict is not caused by an external force but instead is a conflict that is taking place in their heads;
third, if you view culture as a similarity between people, like brown hair, it is much easier to remember that perspective matters;
lastly, this way of viewing culture gives us a measurable way of thinking about how culture is spread among different individuals.
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This is an example of egocentrism.
It is common in young children but tends to disappear as they grow up. In this case, Marcelo doesn't understand that his grandma cannot see what he is seeing - they are talking on the phone, which means that they are not together at the time, thus she cannot see the bird he sees. Young children cannot understand that other people have other perspectives other than their own, and that sometimes they don't match.
Answer:2. the norm of reciprocity.
Explanation:The norm of reciprocity which is also called the rule of reciprocity , is a norm in our society which occurs when we return the good that has been done for us. It goes like this when someone has done some act of kindness for you , you will also feel bound to do the same for them. This is used mostly by Marketers , they give you sales , special promotions and coupons in order to draw you closer.
Another example is when the neighbor welcomes you and bring some basket of fruits or cakes next time they ask you a favour you will feel obligated to do it for them.
