The role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis is to transports a proton down the gradient and uses the energy to complete the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis starts with the absorption of light or solar energy by the plant pigments called chlorophyll. The activated chlorophyll molecule helps in the electron transfer from one acceptor to another forming a chain.
The first phase of photosynthesis the light-dependent reaction in which the absorbed light is utilized to produce molecules carrying energy that is used in the second phase to form carbohydrates by reducing carbon dioxide. The first phase occurs in the grana region of the chloroplast and involves the transport of electrons through photosystem II (PS II) followed by photosystem I (PS I). The energy gained by the chlorophyll molecule is transferred to PS II in the form of electrons. These electrons are passed on further through a series of electron transporter or carrier from PS II to PS I. In photosystem I, finally, the electron is gained by NADP+ to form NADPH.
The ATP synthesis is produced by the use of proton motive force this reaction is catalyzed by ATP synthase. This a multiprotein synthase is also well-known as F0 F1 complex .The ATP molecule is synthesized when proton flow back from the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient . ATP synthase has two components F1 ATPase and F0 which is embedded in the inner membrane and contain alpha, beta and C unit.
As the electrons travel along the electron transport chain, energy is released which helps in the pumping of protons (ions) into the lumen from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane. A proton gradient is developed which allows the movement of protons back to the stroma which in turn results in the formation of ATP through membrane-bound ATP synthase
The second phase of the photosynthesis is the dark reaction or the light-independent reaction happens in the stroma and utilizes the products formed during the light-dependent phase.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Plant Cell
Keywords:
ATP synthase, light dependent reaction, thylakoid, stroma, grana, membrane, photosynthesis, alpha , beta, proton motive force.
D. Photosynthesis only takes place in the light, while cellular respiration takes place in the light and dark.
Answer:
TAC GCA TTA ATA
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Answer:
c. accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery
Explanation:
Parathyroid gland is found closely situated at the back of the thyroid gland in the human neck region. Regulation of serum calcium levels in the body is a major function of the parathyroid gland through the secretion of a hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone.
During the surgery conducted to remove the thyroid gland, it is very likely that the parathyroid glands were accidentally damaged or removed. This most likely led to the non--secretion of parathormone, which is responsible for secretion of calcium in the body, when calcium levels drop.
Answer: C. Preying
Explanation:
A non-native species is the species which is introduced to a new ecosystem. This species is introduced intentionally or accidentally to a new ecosystem by human beings or they may enter to the ecosystem by their own.
A non-native species can be invasive which means it can compete with the native species for resources like shelter, food and mates.
According to the given situation, the Gila trouts being the native species has been affected by the non-native Rainbow trout. This may be because of the fact that non-native species can be invasive for the native species. As the species is used as mate by the non-native species and they may become the prey of non-native species. This has resulted in the extinction of the species of Gila trouts.
