Which statement best describes the behavior of particles in a solid?

How many chromosomes does a body cell for the organism (egg and sperm) have?

DiKsa [7]

Growth and repair
creation of gametes (sex cells)
method of reproduction in unicellular organisms
Binary Fission - type of reproduction that occurs in bacterial cells, single celled organism splits and becomes two identical organisms

Chromosomes and DNA

Chromosomes are DNA wrapped around proteins to form an X-shaped structure.

The diagram will help you see the relationship.

1. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
2. Chromosomes are made of DNA
3. Sections of chromosomes are called genes

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid (it is the genetic code that contains all the information needed to build and maintain an organism)

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Numbers

Each organism has a distinct number of chromosomes, in humans, every cell contains 46 chromosomes. Other organisms have different numbers, for instance, a dog has 78 chromosomes per cell.

Somatic Cells - body cells, such as muscle, skin, blood ...etc. These cells contain a complete set of chromosomes (46 in humans) and are called DIPLOID.

Sex Cells - also known as gametes. These cells contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells and are called HAPLOID

Chromosomes come in pairs, called Homologous Pairs (or homologs). Imagine homologs as a matching set, but they are not exacly alike, like a pair of shoes.

Diploid cells have 23 homologous pairs = total of 46

Haploid cells have 23 chromosomes (that are not paired) = total of 23

Homologous Chromosomes

Sex Determination

Chromosomes determine the sex of an offspring. In humans, a pair of chromosomes called SEX CHROMOSOMES determine the sex.

If you have XX sex chromosomes - you are female

If you have XY sex chromosomes - you are male

During fertilization, sperm cells will either contain an X or a Y chromosome (in addition to 22 other chromosomes - total of 23). If a sperm containing an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be female. If a sperm cell containing a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be male.

Creation of a Zygote

When two sex cells, or gametes come together, the resulting fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTE

Zygotes are diploid and have the total 46 chromosomes (in humans)

Karyotype

A karyotype is a picture of a person's (or fetus) chromosomes. A karyotype is often done to determine if the offspring has the correct number of chromosomes. An incorrect number of chromosomes indicates that the child will have a condition, like Down Syndrome

Compare the Karyotypes below

Notice that a person with Down Syndrome has an extra chromosome #21. Instead of a pair, this person has 3 chromosomes - a condition called TRISOMY (tri = three)

Trisomy results when chromosomes fail to separate - NONDISJUNCTION - when sex cells are created. The resulting egg or sperm has 24 instead of the normal 23.

Other conditions result from having the wrong number of chromosomes:

Klinefelters Syndrome - XXY (sex chromosomes)

Edward Syndrome - Trisomy of chromosome #13

4 0

3 years ago

Answersamoeba sisters: video recap mitosis: the amazing cell process that uses division to multiply amoeba sisters video recap o

7nadin3 [17]

1.Mitosis is done by your body cells. What types of cells do not undergo mitosis?

Sperm cells and egg cells do not undergo mitosis. They undergo a different process of cell division called meiosis. The difference between the two types of cell division is that mitosis result in a replication of the parent cell or identical cells. Meiosis contributes to genetic variety, meaning the resulting cells are different from the parent cell in some way.

2.Describe ways that mitosis is important for your body.

Mitosis is important for growth. Mitosis creates new cells as you grow. If you think about it, where do we get all the extra skin, longer bones, longer hair—they result from the division of cells which create new cells.

Another way it is important is in repair. When you get a cut for example, mitosis helps by producing more cells to repair the gash that was left. New cells fill in the part that was cut. Mitosis also helps with replacing worn out cells.

3. This illustration is trying to demonstrate something that mitosis is not. In mitosis, the cells that are created are identical.

The illustration shows that one type of cell produces a different type, but it is not the case with mitosis. The resulting cells of this type of cell division is identical or twins.

4.Mitosis is just one small part of the cell cycle! Describe what would occur if cells were in mitosis more than they were in interphase.

Interphase makes up most of the cell cycle, it makes up about 90% and mitosis occurs in 10% of the whole cycle. If cells were in mitosis more than they were in interphase that would indicate an uncontrollable and rapid growth of cells and you can get cancer.

5.When cells are dividing, it is important to understand that they have to move chromosomes equally to both cells. Based on this illustration, describe what a chromosome is made of.

Chromosomes are condensed units found in the nucleus. There are 46 chromosomes each nucleus, or each cell. Chromosomes are made up of protein and DNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries genetic information.

6. In humans, there are 46 chromosomes. They are duplicated during interphase, which in turn duplicates the DNA as well. Chromosomes are counted based on the number of centromeres. The number of chromosomes in living organisms or species differ from each other.

6 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

The process that breaks down existing rocks to sediments is called lithification.

Nesterboy [21]

The correct answer Is true

3 0

2 years ago

Use glucose in a sentence

lutik1710 [3]

Answer:

Glucose is a type of sugar found in your blood.